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title: 'SQL Reference' sidebar_label: 'SQL Reference' pagination_prev: 'reference/index' sidebar_position: 2 pagination_next: null

This section provides a comprehensive reference for SQL support in Spice.ai, including syntax, data types, operators, functions, and system features. The reference is organized by topic for ease of navigation.

Table of Contents

SELECT Syntax (opens in a new tab)

• WITH Clause (opens in a new tab)
• SELECT Clause (opens in a new tab)
• FROM Clause (opens in a new tab)
• WHERE Clause (opens in a new tab)
• JOIN Clause (opens in a new tab)
• GROUP BY Clause (opens in a new tab)
• HAVING Clause (opens in a new tab)
• UNION Clause (opens in a new tab)
• ORDER BY Clause (opens in a new tab)
• LIMIT Clause (opens in a new tab)
• EXCLUDE and EXCEPT Clause (opens in a new tab)

Subqueries (opens in a new tab)

• Subquery Operators (opens in a new tab)
• SELECT Clause Subqueries (opens in a new tab)
• FROM Clause Subqueries (opens in a new tab)
• WHERE Clause Subqueries (opens in a new tab)
• HAVING Clause Subqueries (opens in a new tab)
• Subquery Categories (opens in a new tab)

EXPLAIN (opens in a new tab)

• EXPLAIN ANALYZE (opens in a new tab)

Information Schema (opens in a new tab)

• SHOW TABLES (opens in a new tab)
• SHOW COLUMNS (opens in a new tab)
• SHOW ALL (configuration options) (opens in a new tab)

Operators and Literals (opens in a new tab)

• Numerical Operators (opens in a new tab)
• Comparison Operators (opens in a new tab)
• Logical Operators (opens in a new tab)
• Bitwise Operators (opens in a new tab)
• Other Operators (opens in a new tab)

Scalar Functions (opens in a new tab)

• Math Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Conditional Functions (opens in a new tab)
• String Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Binary String Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Regular Expression Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Time and Date Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Array Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Struct Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Map Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Hashing Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Union Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Other Functions (opens in a new tab)

Aggregate Functions (opens in a new tab)

• General Aggregate Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Statistical Aggregate Functions (opens in a new tab)
• Approximate Aggregate Functions (opens in a new tab)

JSON Functions and Operators (opens in a new tab)

• JSON Functions (opens in a new tab)
• JSON Operators (opens in a new tab)
• Usage Examples (opens in a new tab)

Search (opens in a new tab)

• Vector Search (vector_search) (opens in a new tab)
• Full-Text Search (text_search) (opens in a new tab)
• Lexical Search: LIKE, =, and Regex (opens in a new tab)

Prepared Statements (opens in a new tab)

• Positional Arguments (opens in a new tab)

Refer to each section for detailed syntax, supported features, and examples.